The
Pro-Choice Position and the question of
"When Does Life Begin?"
An
Argument for Caution
Abstract:
"When does Life begin?" To the pro-choicers,
this is a critical question. Because they
don't want to kill a life. But most of my
pro-choice friends tell me that "they don’t
know and moreover nobody knows when life
begins." And thus they go on to say that
they believe that each woman therefore must
have her own free choice to let her own
conscience decide if the "growth" inside her
is not human or human, and thus based on
that choice, decide if she should or should
not have an abortion. This essay attempts to
address that situation. The premise being
that the very fact that we do not know when
life begins or whether the "growth" is a
life indicates that we should be against
destroying it and exercise caution.
I’ve
never run into a murderous Pro-Choice
person. I’m sure there are a few wacko’s out
there, but most of the pro-choice folks I
run into are kind compassionate people. Many
of them are good friends, friends that would
probably risk their lives to save me from
harm. It is on the basis of this knowledge
and friendships that I write this brief
discussion on life.
I also
can’t say that I have ever run into any
Pro-Choicer who would want to kill a child.
All the pro-choicers I know, are horrified
when they hear of a manic parent killing
their children. They are also horrified when
they hear of people killing other people. So
when I discuss "choice" with them, it
becomes very obvious to me that most of them
would have a lot of trouble with abortion if
there was a definite way to prove that the
"fetus" is human and/or a baby.
Now on
the "Pro-life" (or anti-choice if you wish)
side, one can argue that, it is for the sake
of convenience that most people define the
unborn baby as a fetus, it eases their
conscience, it allows them to ignore the
horror of what they are condoning and so on.
This is true in some cases. In other cases
though I believe it is because they are not
fully sure of the fact that a fetus is not a
child and thus would hate to impose "their"
morals on another person. Now at this time
perhaps we can make a perfunctory difference
between the "pro-abortion" folks and the
"pro-choice" folks. This may be just an
imaginary difference but it really has come
up numerous times in my discussions with
"pro-choicers." The argument usually is
presented to me like this: "I would
personally never ever dream of having, or
performing, or recommending someone else to
have an abortion, but I’d argue for their
free "choice" in the matter. For after all I
would never want to impose my moral
values on them." This therefore is the
pro-choice argument. At least that would be
the true logical name for it, for they
believe that everyone should be able to make
their own choice.
And
thus for the purpose of this discussion,
I’ll assume there is a difference between
the "pro-abortion" people and the
"pro-choice" people. A pro-abortion person
would have an abortion. A pro-choice person
wouldn’t have one, but wouldn’t stop you
from having one.
Now
let’s go back to a point I made earlier. In
my discussions, one of the first questions I
ask when I am discussing abortion is: When
does life begin?
To the
pro-choicers, this as I’ve said is a
critical question. Because they don’t want
to kill a life. But most of my pro-choice
friends tell me that "they don’t know and
moreover nobody knows when life
begins. And thus they go on to say that they
believe that each woman therefore must have
her own free choice to let her own
conscience decide if the "growth" inside her
is not human or human, and therefore based
on that choice, decide if she should or
should not have an abortion.
Now let
us begin.
It is
my intention in this essay to attempt to
prove why "not knowing if the fetus is
human" is the exact reason why we should
prevent people from having abortions.
If I
may restate: The argument is that, each
woman must let her own conscience dictate if
it what she is carrying is life, and she
must be allowed to decide if that perceived
life is worth her pain (in childbirth and
pregnancy and then caring for it). If it
isn’t worth her pain and if she does not
perceive it as life then she should be
allowed to remove/kill it.
If this
is the argument, then by the same reasoning
why was Susan Smith wrong in eliminating the
two pesky children that were holding her
down. And thus when she realized that they
were inconvenient and a burden, she decided
that they were not human and thus had a
"post-natal abortion." She killed them. If
she was convinced that they were not human,
was she right to do what she did?
Why
can’t the mother of a pesky two year old
make the same decision as a mother of a
burdensome three month fetus? Is it because
we know that a two year old is human?
So then can we focus on the fact that the
only reason that we gave Jane Roe the choice
and legal right to kill her fetus and not
Susan Smith, is that WE knew that
Susan’s post natal fetuses were human, and
we are just not sure if Jane Roe’s
fetus was human?
So the
real question of this essay becomes: "does
ignorance of the truth or facts become a
moral license to kill or allow someone else
to kill?" In other words, "does not being
sure that a fetus is human, allow you to
wash your hands of the decision and allow
others to kill that fetus based on their own
feelings?"
Let’s
re-postulate the question and the scenario
so that it is familiar yet similar.
The
Deer Hunter
If I am
hunting and I see a flash in the
undergrowth. It could be a deer, but it
could also be a person. I don’t know, you
don’t know. Should I shoot at it? Am I
morally correct in letting my conscience
decide? If I let my conscience decide and I
shoot a person, even if no one ever finds
out, even if I never find out (let’s
say I leave without checking) - was it
morally right of me to do that? You see
ignorance of the truth does not make the
moral decision an arbitrary one. Either it
is wrong to shoot, or it is right to shoot,
or it is amoral (i.e. that is an action that
is neutral e.g. shooting at a target). There
is an absolute reference and there is an
absolute reality, my ignorance of the
reference does not absolve me of the
wrong-ness of it.
Coming
back to the question. The point is that -
not knowing if the fetus is human, is not a
valid enough reason to say that aborting it,
is an amoral act. Nor does not knowing if
the fetus is human a valid reason to allow
that decision to be left to the judgment of
each individual. My very ignorance of the
humanity of the "victim" should be
sufficient reason to NOT shoot. Let
me rephrase - the very fact that there is a
slim possibility that the flash in the
undergrowth is human is sufficient reason
for me not to shoot at it. In fact it
is a great reason for me to stop you from
shooting at it too. I would not sit back
idly and let your conscience dictate
whether you should shoot at it or not. To
tie it to our discussion, not knowing that
the fetus is human is a very valid reason
for NOT allowing anyone to abort it.
The
Lazy Box Tosser
Let me
present another scenario. I’m on the 3rd
floor of a building and I have a very heavy
wooden box that I need to get rid off. If I
toss it out the window I can save energy and
my back and throw it in the trash after I
walk downstairs unburdened. Should I toss
the box out the window without checking if I
will hit someone or not? I have no knowledge
if I will kill someone or injure someone.
See the
point, just because I don’t know that there
is anyone below me doesn’t make my act
moral. In fact if anything it is all the
more reason to make the act immoral. It is
wrong to do that. Plain wrong. The only way
it would be right, is if I could get a 100%
guarantee that there is no one below and no
one will walk below until the box has come
to a complete stop.
Do you
see the fallacy of the "pro-choice because
of ignorance" argument? The only morality
would be if you knew 100% that the fetus was
not human. And in this regard the
pro-abortion people have a much more logical
statement. Their statement is either a) The
fetus is NOT human until the instant it
exits it’s mother’s womb or b) An unsaid but
sometimes true statement- I don’t care if
the fetus is human or not, I choose to kill
it anyway.
But the
pro-choice argument is fallacious at
best and criminally negligent at worst.
But
further more, in the above box throwing
case, you could not stand back and say "Oh
that’s up to your conscience to choose to do
that" because if someone does that and you
stood by while he did it, and you knew that
he could kill someone and he does, and you
didn’t stop him, you would be
wrong! You see in this case you not only
must impose your moral values on the other
person but if you didn’t you’d be just as
wrong as he.
Moreover, it should never matter if you ever
found out if he had killed someone or not.
Your not finding out the answer may allow
you to sleep better at night, but it would
not make the situation amoral.
Logically if you don’t know when life
begins, then you should be insistent that no
one perform an abortion. Because you have no
idea who may be walking under that window.
The
Earthquake Victim
I’d
like to add one more example. In the above
scenarios, it is possible for the pro-choice
friends to argue that in both cases, the
agent (i.e. the person making the decision
to shoot or throw) is independent of the
potential victim. That is, the existence of
the victim does not jeopardize or infringe
on the agent’s rights. First of all this is
not the argument, since the original
argument is that the pro-choicer is basing
the morality of the decision on the
ignorance of the humanity of the fetus. But
since this response is common let us deal
with it with this example.
You are
a carpenter, and we’ve just had an
earthquake. The building you were in caved
in on both you and an unknown man (that is,
someone you have never met). The man is
unconscious and his legs are buried under a
pile of rubble. Unfortunately in his
position he is also blocking your only way
out to freedom. You are trapped with very
little crawl space. You are in no danger of
dying because there are people outside and
you can attract their attention. The man on
the other hand has perhaps only a 10% chance
of surviving if they can free his legs and
get him out. But while you are safe, you are
trapped. You are a carpenter and amongst
your tools right next to you, is a Sawsall
battery powered saw, high torque and fully
charged, it can cut through anything. If the
man makes it out alive he will probably be
mentally retarded or paralyzed. You have
your saw. It may take days for them to move
the man. Days where you will be stuck there,
no food, but maybe they can pass you water
in a tube. You have a fully powered saw. The
man’s legs are stuck. A man who may be a
total vegetable. The medics can’t reach,
either him or you to do anything until
everything else is cleared, and that may be
days, painful days. You are trapped, the man
is unconscious, maybe in a coma, maybe never
to come out of it, and you have a saw. There
are only 2 legs between you and freedom and
they are not your legs. And you have a saw.
Your
comfort, freedom and convenience are
hampered by this man you do not know. By
this man who may not even be able to
function like a normal human anymore. By
this man who may die anyway. It’s a powerful
saw, it can cut through steel plates.
Is
having the saw too uncomfortable, then give
the saw to someone on the other side. He has
the saw and can free you at the cost of the
life of the maybe alive/maybe dead man. Do
you ask him to cut you out? Does he cut?
Would it be moral? He would be killing
someone you don’t know, but yet someone who
impacts you greatly. Does he cut? Is it your
choice? Do you have the right to make that
choice? Do you cut? And am I justified in
standing passively by, while you cut through
the stranger’s legs and while he bleeds to
death, you pull his torn up body past you
and make your way to freedom. Do you cut?
You
have the vacuum tool or the curettage tool
or the brain piercing syringe.
Do you
abort?
Written in 1994 after an argument with Vinay
B. at NUKO. See an updated version of this
in the How to Argue against Abortion without
using the Bible.